7 potential side effects of ashwagandha
Gastrointestinal Issues
One of the most common side effects of ashwagandha is digestive discomfort. Some people may experience nausea, diarrhoea, or an upset stomach, especially when taking higher doses. This happens because ashwagandha contains compounds that can irritate the gastrointestinal lining in sensitive individuals. Mild bloating or gas may also occur in some users, particularly during the first few days of supplementation. To minimise these effects, it is best to start with a small dose and take the supplement with food. Drinking plenty of water and avoiding taking it on an empty stomach can also help reduce the risk of stomach irritation.
Allergic reactions
Although rare, allergic reactions to ashwagandha are possible. Since it belongs to the Solanaceae family—the same group as tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplants—people allergic to these foods may also react to ashwagandha. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include rashes, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. If you notice any of these warning signs after taking ashwagandha, it is important to discontinue use immediately and seek medical advice. Performing an allergy test before long-term use may be beneficial for those with a history of plant allergies.
Interaction with medications
Ashwagandha is a powerful herb, which means it can interact with certain prescription medications. It may interfere with thyroid medicines, diabetes drugs, blood pressure medications, and immune-suppressing treatments. Additionally, ashwagandha has mild sedative properties, which can intensify the effects of sleeping pills or anti-anxiety medications. For this reason, individuals already on medication should consult a healthcare provider before starting ashwagandha supplements to avoid harmful drug interactions.
Sedative effects
While ashwagandha is well-known for reducing stress and promoting relaxation, its calming effects can sometimes go too far. In some individuals, it may cause excessive drowsiness, dizziness, or fatigue, particularly when combined with alcohol or other sedatives. This makes it important to avoid driving or operating heavy machinery after consuming higher doses of ashwagandha. People who already struggle with low energy or chronic fatigue should use it cautiously to prevent worsening their symptoms.
Hypotension (Low Blood Pressure)
Ashwagandha has been shown to lower blood pressure in some individuals, which may be beneficial for those with hypertension. However, this effect can become risky for people who naturally have low blood pressure or are already on blood pressure medications. A sudden drop in blood pressure may lead to dizziness, fainting, or light-headedness. To avoid complications, it is recommended that people with blood pressure concerns monitor their levels closely when using ashwagandha and consult a doctor if any unusual symptoms appear.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding risks
There is still limited research on the safety of ashwagandha during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Some traditional practices suggest that it may support fertility and reproductive health, but modern studies are not sufficient to prove its safety. In fact, high doses of ashwagandha may potentially trigger uterine contractions, which could increase the risk of miscarriage. For breastfeeding mothers, the herb’s impact on infants remains unclear. Because of these uncertainties, pregnant and nursing women are strongly advised to avoid ashwagandha unless prescribed by a qualified healthcare professional.
Thyroid disorders
Ashwagandha appears to influence thyroid hormones, but its effects can be unpredictable. Some studies suggest that it may increase thyroid hormone levels, which could worsen hyperthyroidism, while others indicate it may help balance thyroid function. This dual action makes it risky for people with thyroid conditions who are already on medication, as it may either over-stimulate or suppress hormone production. Anyone with hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism should only take ashwagandha under strict medical supervision.
Ashwagandha offers a wide range of health benefits, from reducing stress to improving immunity, but it is not without risks. Side effects such as digestive issues, drowsiness, low blood pressure, and drug interactions are possible, and special caution is needed for pregnant women and individuals with thyroid disorders.
Like any supplement, the key to safe use is moderation and professional guidance. If you are considering adding ashwagandha to your daily routine, consult a healthcare provider first, especially if you are on medication or managing a chronic condition. Taken responsibly, ashwagandha can be a powerful ally for health and wellness, but ignoring its side effects may do more harm than good.
Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical condition or lifestyle change.While Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is highly celebrated in Ayurvedic medicine and widely used as an adaptogen to manage stress, anxiety, and fatigue, it is a potent herb that is not suitable for everyone.
If you are considering adding it to your routine, here are 7 crucial side effects and risks you should know:
1. Risk of Liver Injury (Hepatotoxicity)
In recent years, medical regulators in several countries (including Denmark and parts of Europe) have raised concerns or issued warnings regarding ashwagandha and liver health. While relatively rare, there have been documented clinical cases of drug-induced liver injury associated with ashwagandha use. Symptoms like yellowing of the eyes or skin (jaundice), dark urine, and severe fatigue should prompt immediate discontinuation.
2. Gastrointestinal Distress
This is one of the most common acute side effects, especially when ashwagandha is taken on an empty stomach or in large doses. It can irritate the mucosal lining of the stomach, leading to:
Nausea and upset stomach
Diarrhea
Vomiting or abdominal cramps
3. Thyroid Hormonal Shifts
Ashwagandha can stimulate the thyroid gland, increasing the production of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4).
The Risk: If you have hyperthyroidism (an overactive thyroid), taking ashwagandha can exacerbate the condition or trigger thyrotoxicosis (a dangerous excess of thyroid hormones). Even if you have hypothyroidism and take thyroid medication (like levothyroxine), ashwagandha might cause your hormone levels to spike too high.
4. Severe Risks in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
Pregnant women should strictly avoid ashwagandha. The herb contains compounds that can act as an abortifacient, potentially inducing uterine contractions, premature labor, or miscarriage. There is also insufficient safety data regarding its active compounds passing into breast milk, so it is recommended to avoid it while breastfeeding.
5. Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure Spikes or Drops
Ashwagandha is known to lower both blood sugar and blood pressure. While this sounds beneficial, it poses a direct risk if you take medications for diabetes or hypertension:
Hypoglycemia: It can enhance the effect of insulin or oral diabetes drugs, causing blood sugar to drop dangerously low.
Hypotension: It can synergize with blood pressure medications, causing sudden dizziness, fainting, or fatigue due to excessively low blood pressure.
6. Immune System Stimulation (Autoimmune Risks)
Because ashwagandha modulates and boosts certain aspects of the immune system, it can trigger flare-ups in individuals with autoimmune diseases. If you have conditions such as Rheumatement arthritis, Lupus (SLE), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the herb may cause your immune system to become more aggressive against your own tissues.
7. Excessive Drowsiness and Sedation
Ashwagandha has a calming effect on the central nervous system and is often used to improve sleep. However, this sedative property can cause daytime drowsiness or sluggishness.
Medication Interactions: It interacts strongly with central nervous system depressants, sedatives, and sleep medications (such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or over-the-counter sleep aids), multiplying their sedative effects to an unsafe degree.
Safe Usage Tips:
Standardize the Dose: Stick to clinically studied extracts (like KSM-66 or Shoden) where active withanolide percentages are controlled, and follow recommended dosages.
Cycle It: Many herbalists recommend cycling ashwagandha (e.g., taking it for 2–3 months, then taking a 2–4 week break) rather than continuous long-term use.
Consult a Professional: If you take any regular prescription medications or have a chronic health condition, always consult a healthcare provider before starting ashwagandha.
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